One way to determine how a potential social partner may treat you is through the observation of how he or she treats others. For successful existence within the social world, it is essential to be able to distinguish those who may help you from those who may harm you. From early in the second year of life, young toddlers direct prosocial cooperative behaviors toward both adults ( Warneken & Tomasello, 2006, 2007) and peers ( Brownell, Ramani, & Zerwas, 2006). The human tendency toward cooperation is present from very early in ontogeny.
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